Nauru Outline free essay sample

It is the world’s smallest island country, rich in history and culture, and also the fattest place on Earth! II. Nauru is a small oval-shaped island in the western Pacific Ocean approximately 21 sq. Km, located 26 miles south of the equator. A. Nauru’s proximity results in the tropical kind of climate experienced on the island. The dry season in the climate of Nauru is accompanied by the easterly trade winds. The wet season begins from November and ends around February. The westerly monsoon winds bring in moisture bearing clouds to Nauru during the wet season. The only hazard in Nauru climate is the frequent droughts. The amount of rainfall on the island of Nauru varies greatly and droughts are caused (weatheronline. com). B. Naurus terrain consists of a rough beach that rises to a fertile but narrow ring around a raised prehistoric coral reef plateau studded with coral pinnacles exposed by phosphate mining. We will write a custom essay sample on Nauru Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C. Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the pacific. i. Until recently Naurus phosphate reserves were thought to be nearly depleted, but there are some indications that the potential for continued productive mining might exist. However a century of mining has stripped and devastated four-fifths of the total land area. Efforts to rehabilitate the mined out areas have been unsuccessful. Naurus only fertile areas are within the narrow coastal belt where there are coconut palms, pandanus trees and indigenous hardwoods and the land surrounding the inland Buada Lagoon on the central plateau where bananas, pineapples and some vegetables are grown (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs). III. Nauru was first inhabited by Micronesian and Polynesian people at least 3000 years ago. A. The British sea captain John Fearn, a whale hunter, became the first Westerner to visit this island in 1798, and he named it â€Å"Pleasant Island†. B. Nauru was annexed by Germany in 1888 and the Germans ruled Nauru for almost 3 decades. C. Nauru became self-governing in January 1966 and became independent in 1968 (The World Factbook) IV. Nauru has a deep culture background including different ethnicities, religion, and languages. A. Nauruan is Nauru’s official language, that is spoken other than English. B. Religion practiced by the people is mainly Christianity. C. Chinese and Europeans are two ethnic groups that are among Nauru. D. Sports that are participated in Nauru are American Rules Football, softball, and weightlifting. V. Since Nauru is an island, it includes many seafood dishes. A. Fish is the main food group that does not need to be imported like other necessities; it is caught by the Kiribati fishermen. B. Nauru cuisine is very light because of the high temperature. C. Meat is one of their main food groups. VI. Nauru has many festivals where they come together and share their joy and happiness. A. Festivals concentrate on Christian religious celebrations like Christmas, Easter, etc. B. Most important festival is on Nauru’s Independence Day. i. Their independence day is celebrated on January 31st. ii. Flags are hoisted in government buildings and institutes. C. Another major festival is on Angam Day. i. This is practiced on October 27th. ii. This was created because the population level passed 1,500 and this was considered the minimum number needed to survive (Everyculture. com). VII. According to the CIA Factbook, Nauru contains only 9,322 people. A. The life expectancy of the total population is about 65 years of age. B. Nauru is also unique because of its health issues portrayed in its people. i. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 95% of its population suffers from obesity, most of which have diabetes. VIII. In concluding, the small island country of Nauru is a beautiful tropical island in the Pacific Ocean where the uniqueness ranges from its geography to its people. From the phosphate mining that has stripped this beautiful island to the sad obesity epidemic, its history and culture makes up for the devastation. Let us not forget Nauru when we think of other countries in the world, for they are in need of us to remember them!

Affirmative Action Issues essays

Affirmative Action Issues essays Affirmative Action on Trial: Is Fairness an Elusive Goal? What are the origins of what is known today as affirmative action, the programs that seek to remedy past discrimination against minorities and women? The original American foundation for social justice, fairness and civil rights was set forth by the signers of the Declaration of Independence: We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal... And later, in the U.S. Constitution, the 13th Amendment made slavery illegal; the 14th Amendment guaranteed equal protection under the law; and the 15th Amendment banned racial discrimination in voting access (www.now.org). In 1954 the Supreme Court (Brown v. Board of Education) ruled that segregation in schools was illegal. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination by any employer or labor union on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Despite these attempts at legal remedies a lengthy pattern of discrimination was allowed to continue. Following the Civil Rights Act, President Lyndon Johnson signed Executive Order 11246, which ordered federal contractors and subcontractors to ...take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color or nation origin. Executive Order 11375 expanded 11246 which actually provided the legal basis for affirmative action, which was designed to increase the ...recruitment, promotion, retention, and on-the-job training opportunities in employment...and [removed] barriers to admission to educational institutions (www.feminist.org). The Equal Opportunity Act of 1972 expanded the coverage of Title VII and beefed up the coverage of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC). According to the Feminist Majority Foundation, the Civil Service Reform Act (1978) put forth a policy that America&...

The Role of the Plaza in Maya Festivals

The Role of the Plaza in Maya Festivals Like many pre-modern societies, the Classic period Maya (AD 250-900 AD) used ritual and ceremony performed by the rulers or elites to appease gods, repeat historical events, and prepare for the future. But not all ceremonies were secret rituals; in fact, many were public rituals, theatrical performances and dances played in public arenas to unite communities and express political power relationships. Recent investigations of public ceremonialism by University of Arizona archaeologist Takeshi Inomata reveal the importance of these public rituals, both in the architectural changes made in the Maya cities to accommodate the performances  and in the political structure which developed alongside the festival calendar. Mayan Civilization The Maya is a name given to a group of loosely associated but generally autonomous city-states, each led by a divine ruler. These small states were spread throughout the Yucatn peninsula, along the gulf coast, and into the highlands of Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Like small city centers anywhere, the Maya centers were supported by a network of farmers who lived outside the cities but were held by allegiances to the centers. At sites such as Calakmul, Copn, Bonampak, Uaxactun, Chichen Itza, Uxmal, Caracol, Tikal, and Aguateca, festivals took place within the public view, bringing together the city residents and the farmers and reinforcing those allegiances. Festivals of the Maya Many of the Mayan festivals continued to be held into the Spanish colonial period, and some of the Spanish chroniclers such as Bishop Landa described festivals well into the 16th century. Three types of performances are cited in the Maya language: dance (okot), theatrical presentations (baldzamil) and illusionism (ezyah). Dances followed a calendar  and ranged from performances with humor and tricks to dances in preparation for war and dances mimicking (and sometimes including) sacrificial events. During the colonial period, thousands of people came from all around northern Yucatn to see and participate in the dances. Music was provided by rattles; small bells of copper, gold and clay; tinklers of shell or small stones. A vertical drum called the pax or zacatan was made of a hollowed tree trunk and covered with an animal skin; another u- or h-shaped drum was called the tunkul. Trumpets of wood, gourd, or conch shell, and clay flutes, reed pipes and whistles were also used. Elaborate costumes were part of the dances as well. Shell, feathers, backracks, headdresses, body plates transformed the dancers into historical figures, animals, and gods or other-worldly creatures. Some dances lasted all day, with food and drink brought to the participants who kept dancing. Historically, preparations for such dances were substantial, some rehearsal periods lasting for two or three months, organized by an officer known as a holpop. The holpop was a community leader, who set the key for the music, taught others and played an important role in festivals throughout the year. Audiences at Mayan Festivals In addition to Colonial period reports, murals, codices, and vases illustrating royal visits, court banquets, and preparations for dances have been the focus for archaeologists to understand the public ritual which predominated the classic period Maya. But in recent years, Takeshi Inomata has turned the study of ceremonialism at Maya centers on its head-considering not the performers or the performance but rather the audience for the theatrical productions. Where did these performances take place, what architectural properties were constructed to accommodate the audiences, what was the meaning of the performance for the audience? Inomatas study involves a closer look at a somewhat less-considered piece of monumental architecture at classic Maya sites: the plaza. Plazas are big open spaces, surrounded by temples or other important buildings, framed by steps, entered via causeways and elaborate doorways. Plazas in Maya sites have thrones and special platforms where performers acted, and stelae-rectangular stone statues such as those at Copn-representing past ceremonial activity are also found there. Plazas and Spectacles Plazas at Uxmal and Chichà ©n Itz include low square platforms; evidence has been found in the Great Plaza at Tikal for the construction of temporary scaffoldings. Lintels at Tikal illustrate rulers and other elites being carried on a palanquina platform on which a ruler sat on a throne and was carried by bearers. Wide stairways at plazas were used as stages for the presentations and dances. The plazas held thousands of people; Inomata reckons that for the smaller communities, nearly the entire population could be present at once in the central plaza. But at sites such as Tikal and Caracol, where over 50,000 people lived, the central plazas could not hold so many people. The history of these cities as traced by Inomata suggests that as the cities grew, their rulers made accommodations for the growing populations, tearing down buildings, commissioning new structures, adding causeways and building plazas exterior to the central city. These embellishments indicate what a crucial part performance for the audience was for the loosely structured Maya communities. While carnivals and festivals are known today throughout the world, their importance in defining the character and community of governmental centers is less considered. As the focal point for gathering people together, to celebrate, prepare for war, or watch sacrifices, the Maya spectacle created a cohesion that was necessary for the ruler and common people alike. Sources To get a look at what Inomata is talking about, Ive assembled a photo essay called Spectacles and Spectators: Maya Festivals and Maya Plazas, which illustrates some of the public spaces created by the Maya for this purpose. Dilberos, Sophia Pincemin. 2001. Music, dance, theater, and poetry. pp 504-508 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America, S.T. Evans and D.L. Webster, eds. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York. Inomata, Takeshi. 2006. Politics and theatricality in Mayan society. Pp 187-221 in Archaeology of Performance: Theaters of Power, Community and Politics, T. Inomata and L.S. Coben, eds. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California. Inomata, Takeshi. 2006. Plazas, performers and spectators: Political theaters of the Classic Maya. Current Anthropology 47(5):805-842

Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benefits - Essay Example Article 14 also addresses the benefits for the disable employees either accidently or permanently. Advantages can be given to the employees who were former to companies died within the time of one year of their resignation and accidental deaths without the negligence are paid even after more than one year resignation from the companies by the employers. This article effects the people who are in job and who are providing jobs. The idea of retirement is a very foremost idea and a mean to retain their efficient employees. This inspiration also develops the loyalty among the employees towards the organizations and sense to remain adheres to employers so that find work-life balance. My view for this discussion is because when the workers feel that employer or the organization’s management is concerned about their lives on the job and here after i-e after job, they would not be more reluctant to contribute little past of their wages and salaries to the funds created. The retirement benefits include the employees with 20 minimum and 30 maximum years of service credits. For example elaborating the concept of escalation, the employee working in an organization has service credit less than 25 years but more than 20 years qualify the benefits of partial escalation. And the worker with full or more than 25 years of service tenure is a qualified for the advantages of full escalation. Escalation basically is a process in which increment and decline is done in the amount each year in the month of April on the basis of â€Å"cost of living† index. Academia can get to know the benefits prevailing regarding the retirement of employees. The basic objective attached to this perspective is to get contribution by the employees and to eliminate reluctance for the contribution made for the funds from the employees’ salaries. Business world can inculcate this initiative in their employee management programs so that they could increase the performance of the

In what way did the invention and accessibility of nuclear weapons Essay

In what way did the invention and accessibility of nuclear weapons affect the post World War II peace cycle - Essay Example In order to assure these fundamental targets are met, the nations of the world formed the United Nations which was a global organization with the obligation of protecting individual rights and the need for people to get a good life wherever they lived4. The United Nations formed a framework through which nations could deal with each other peacefully and eschew violence and widespread human rights abuses. Unlike its predecessor [the League of Nations], the United Nations was made up of two main tiers: the General Assembly and the Security Council5. The Security Council was made up of five permanent members who were allied nations that had worked together to defeat Nazi Germany: Britain, China, France, United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics6. Currently, global peace revolves around the United Nations and the negotiations between nations and their neighbors. The scope of destruction that the atomic bomb created was unprecedented. Due to this, ammunition like the atomi c bomb, collectively classified as weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has become an important aspect of global security. This paper examines the ways through which nuclear weapons and its proliferation by nations have affected the peace cycle in the world after World War II. Nuclear Diplomacy The period after World War II led to a phase that has been described as the era of nuclear diplomacy. This is because the use of nuclear weapons have created the framework within which rivalry between nations have been formed. The nuclear weapons have guided the kind of discussions and tensions that have existed around the world to-date. â€Å"Since the dawn of the nuclear age at Hiroshima in 1945, states have conditional diplomacy in the shadow of the bomb†7. In actual fact, a major war was ended through the use of the atomic bomb. Due to this, it is used as a potential for bargaining. This is because the possession of nuclear weapons seems to present a nation as a strong nation that can not be challenged. In other words, the possession of nuclear weapons creates a bargaining leverage for nations which enables them to bargain on the backdrop of the risk of planetary destruction8. This is because any attempt to launch a Third World War could lead to the launching of nuclear weapons which could destroy the entire planet. US Monopoly Throughout history, the United States is the only country that has ever used a weapon of mass destruction in war. After World War II, the United States wielded a monopoly over nuclear weapons until the Soviet Union came to overtly possess nuclear weapons. Fearing the abuse and the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the United States was the first nation that sought to control the use of nuclear weapons for military purposes. â€Å"In his first attempt to bring nuclear weapons under control, Eisenhower emphasized the potential benefits of nuclear energy rather than its destructive potential†9. Eisenhower launched the Atoms-For-Peace c ampaign in 1953 with the hope of creating an atomic energy bank which will enable nations to pursue nuclear energy in place of nuclear weapons. This was to lead to cooperation with friendly nations. However, the Soviet Union rejected this initiative. They were not satisfied with the idea of the United States

Beckett’s Main Themes Essay Example for Free

Beckett’s Main Themes Essay Samuel Beckett explores the purposelessness of life, lack of meaning and memory in Waiting for Godot. Aspects such as repetition, change, recognition, blind faith, silences and pauses illustrated the forgetfulness and purposelessness of the lives of Vladimir and Estragon. ‘Waiting’ is doing both something and nothing simultaneously; Vladimir and Estragon recognize this which is why they are in search for something to ‘do’. VLADIMIR: We are happy. ESTRAGON: We are happy. (Silence.) What do we do now, now that we are happy? VLADIMIR: Wait for Godot. (Estragon groans. Silence.) Things have changed here since yesterday. ESTRAGON: And if he doesnt come? VLADIMIR: (after a moment of bewilderment). Well see when the time comes. (Pause.) Their words are as empty and futile as their actions. There is a silence after they say that they’re â€Å"happy† which makes it apparent that they are just forcing the emotion on to themselves. The silence allows the audience to inquire if they really are happy and if their happiness is of value. Being happy doesn’t provide a function in life; Estragon wants to ‘do’ something now that they were supposedly happy. To ‘do’ something constructive is important to pass the time; the closest they can get to a functional action is to talk to each other. Having a purpose in life is probable to come with the emotion of happiness, since Estragon and Vladimir have convinced themselves to believe they encompass a purpose in life, they require the emotion of happiness to validate it. Rather than just telling Vladimir to ‘do’ something as they were â€Å"happy†, he asks him which is a technique to create conversation. The characters have blind faith in Godot, they don’t know what would happen if he didn’t come. Vladimir is bewildered when he comes to the moment of reality of contemplating that this being true would make their wait purposeless. He doesn’t want to admit that if Godot didn’t come then their long wait would have been for nothing, instead he says â€Å"We’ll see when the time comes†. This is a meaningless statement because if Godot never does come then the time will never come. However, Vladimir shows indication of acknowledging this when he starts talking about ‘change’ which is not only changing the subject but also implying that change in something proves that time is passing and that time will soon come. Moreover, towards the end of the extract when Estragon asks â€Å"What do we do now?† and Vladimir replies â€Å"Wait for Godot†. He ends the sentence there because he doesn’t know what would happen after h e did come and where their lives would lead. They show no reason to wait for Godot which highlights again the purposelessness of their lives. As Vladimir and Estragon are waiting, it is vital for time to pass and the thing to establish this is for things to change. VLADIMIR:†¦I was saying that things have changed here since yesterday. ESTRAGON; Everything oozes. VLADIMIR: Look at the tree ESTRAGON: it’s never the same pus from one second to the next VLADIMIR: The tree, look at the tree. The characters do not really have a conversation which follows in a logical pattern; they often misinterpret each other. Although the two pass their time, they pass it in ‘useless banter’ which is meaningless and gives their life no purpose. Estragon occasionally drifts off with his own thoughts but Vladimir brings him back to his. They both have their own ideas on change, Vladimir refers to the tree to prove that things have â€Å"changed† while Estragon notices ‘pus’ changing, even though they’re in their own individual worlds they both perceive a significance in ‘change’. Change is essential to them because they want assurance they have passed the time, and the only way to do so is to see change in their surroundings; change would also initiate some form of purpose. However, their dialogue in general dwells on their past and present which suggests that they are trapped in their current situation. The tree in the landscape helps illustrate a purpose because it is changing, it has to be changing for a purpose; Vladimir sees it as a sign of hope. There is only one tree rather than lots, this makes the landscape seem dull and gives a boring imagery. It is a symbol of life and contrasts with the bleak lifeless environment it’s in. Recognition comes conjointly with memory which Estragon doesn’t have. Estragon doesn’t find that there is any point in recognizing things. He says â€Å"what is there to recognize?†. Estragon lacks memory which is why he gets frustrated. He distinguishes physical things which he receives like Lucky kicking him and Pozzo giving him a bone. These things make a difference to Estragon which is why he remembers it. He realizes that he had just â€Å"crawled about in the mud† all his life which entails that he only recognizes the purposelessness of his life and the meaning it lacks. It is a commonly established idea that one’s experiences define a person. Vladimir says â€Å"He’s forgotten everything!† with regards to Estragon. Memory is important to them because what they went through yesterday was an accomplishment for them, if they can’t remember it then it is worthless. If Estragon can’t remember then Vladimir has no one to reminisce their achievement with, however reminding Estragon and describing it to him gives them something to talk about and passes the time. Since they both lack memory of most of their experiences, their individuality is unclear. Vladimir tries to compare the difference of their current landscape to the â€Å"Macon country† but Estragon fails to remember it, and derides at the word and states that he spent all his life in their current location, the â€Å"Cackon country†. The sound of the word is harsh and he says it as if it is meaningless to him even though that is where he is ‘Wa iting for Godot’, the place where they are establishing their decided purpose of life. Silences and pauses are uses to transport the meaning to the audience or reader; during the short intervals they realize the meaningless conversation Vladimir and Estragon indulge in. The two begin describing â€Å"All the dead voices† which â€Å"murmur†, â€Å"rustle†, â€Å"whisper† and â€Å"make a noise like feathers†. The silences are disseminated and their dialogues after each of the silences are repetitive which is parallel to their nearly reiterated everyday routine and dialogues. The silent and empty stage is filled with the sound of the ‘dead voices’; viewers are made to imagine the voices as Vladimir and Estragon describe them using similes. The dead voices contribute to the tedious mood of their lives; they argue over trivial things which is parallel to their depressed condition because they are too weak to make it better. The voices reflect the situation of the two characters, they murmur, rustle, whisper in their actions while they wait for Godot. Repetition of the dialogues conveys the forgetfulness of Vladimir and Estragon and their pointless lives. The extract begins with the characters speaking in ‘useless banter’ but as it nears towards the end of the extract, Vladimir and Estragon’s speech lessens and becomes quieter as they run out of things to say. This illustrates their life cycle, the beginning is a bustle of activity as they were younger and searching for a purpose and meaning for life, they did things like â€Å"pick grapes for a man† and go to â€Å"the Macon country†; but as they grow older, energy and enthusiasm decreases as they discover no purpose. Vladimir panics after the â€Å"Long silence†, because he doesn’t want to think of the reality of their situation; talking and actions distract their attention from reflection. Vladimir tells Estragon to â€Å"Say anything at all!† in â€Å"anguish†, he suffers a mental despair or distress if nothing is said or done because then he will apprehend the reality of their meaningless wait. It is as if their terrible actuality is in his subconscious mind which he keeps on pushing away. Estragon further confirms that the reason for their ‘useless banter’ is so they won’t â€Å"think†; language is utilized to neglect silence. To further emphasise their reiterated life, when they run out of things to say, they remind themselves of their purpose of their existence and the reason behind their endless wait which is to â€Å"Wait for Godot†.

The Masque o the Red Death Essay -- essays research papers

Edgar Allen Poe's The Masque of the Red Death is an elaborate allegory/microcosm that combines objects in the story with visual descriptions to give focus to the reader's imagination. In the story, a prince named Prospero tries to dodge the Red Death through isolation and seclusion. He hides behind seemingly impenetrable walls of his castellated abbey and lets the world take care of its own. However, no walls can stop death because it is inescapable and inevitable. Visual descriptions in the story are used to symbolize death. Poe's use of language and symbolism is shown in his description of the seventh room in the suite, the ebony clock, and the fire. The first symbolic mean of death is depicted in the seventh room in the suite. Poe says, "The seventh apartment was closely shrouded in black velvet tapestries that hung all over the ceiling and down the walls, falling in heavy folds upon a carpet of the same material and hue". He uses the seventh room to symbolize the final stage of life, death. He sees the black velvet tapestries as blood flowing from the ceiling and walls to the floor. The relationship between blood and death is important because he wants the reader to have a visual image of the blood pouring down the walls as a form of death. The fire lighting the suite of rooms is another object in the story that represented death. He says, "...There stood, opposit...

Respect

In my own words, respecting other people means to be nice to other people even if you don't know them and help them out when they need help. It also means listening to what other people have to say and not speaking over them. Respecting other peoples properties is not touching, breaking or vandalizing other people's belongings. Don't touch or take stuff that isn't yours. 2. Respecting myself means always staying positive and having a positive attitude no matter the situation. It means to always hope for the best. Respecting you resell also includes making a good image for yourself and aging people think about you in a good way. . I respect a man named Cole because he has showed me that helping others and being kind to others is the right way t live life. Helping others is always a good thing to do and by helping others your also helping yourself. 4. It is unacceptable to destroy or take something that doesn't belong to you. The item could mean a lot to the person even if it doesn't they paid for it and you don't have the right to take or damage it. 5. If someone broke something of mine id most likely be really upset and hope that the person who did it could replace it.No one has the eight to make someone feel like that because everyone deserves to be happy and for man kind to continue to exist everyone has to be nice to each other and try our best to help each other out. At first I would not respect the person who did it but everyone deserves a second chance. It would take time but eventually I would start to respect that person again if they showed they deserve to be respected. 6. No not that I can remember. The only time vive felt like a victim is when I was young and got hit in sports but hitting is aloud so can't recall a time where felt like a victim. 7.If I were ever charged again, I old not be offered the diversion program because I already had my second chance. I would have to face the consequences of my crime that committed and deal with the repercuss ions it had on my life. That could include not being aloud to leave the country. It could include having a criminal record for the rest of my life and it would be pretty hard to find a job with a criminal record. It would also be very hard to regain my families trust because after the first time I was arrested it was very hard to earn it back. So if I commit another crime it could mean my parents not trusting me ever again.

Patrick Suskind- Perfume Essay

Reflective Statement: Perfume Perfume by Patrick Sà ¼skind, exposed me to a series of literary texts, themes and ideas. It also opened me to a variety of cultural developments that happened throughout the book.  Through the interactive oral I gained a better understanding of the historical context and Parisian lifestyle. When reading I had superficial knowledge and I never really analyzed the periodical moment that the book was set in. The presentation helped me broaden my understanding of the French lifestyle by explaining the streets of Paris and the lack of sanitation. I now understand the importance of where Grenouille was born and the significance it holds; but then I also found myself astonished of the extreme conditions humans could endure and call everyday life. The fact that the author chose to set the book in that time period, where Paris was at its filthiest, and decided that the main character shall be born with the gift of scent. This fact gave me an interpretation of the author’s choice in location. It was also through this interactive oral that I got a stronger grasp of the connections between Grenouille and the other gifted abominables that were mentioned in the beginning of the novel. When initially reading the book, I lost the real connections of the characters. It was through the interactive  oral that I made the vital connections between Grenouille and Marquis de Sade and the others that were mention as well. These historical figures were also known for their terrible acts against humanity. As the group described each of them, I was thoroughly interested because I was surprised by some of the horrific things some of them had done. I was most engrossed by the Marquis de Sade; he’s personality and lifestyle as repulsive as it was, interested me a lot and I realized I got the same reaction from him, as I did from Grenouille. I became aware of Sà ¼skind’s directive with such connections. It further strengthens my opinion on how Sà ¼skind antagonized Grenouille from the beginning; because of the comparisons to the horrific figures from history. This interactive oral gave me a simple but direct understanding of the cultural context, by explaining 18th century Paris. I appreciate Sà ¼skind choice of location and including those historical figures, as foreshadowing. Overall I reached an improved understanding of Perfume. [Word Count: 400] Stolen Innocence: The Exploration of the elements of innocence from the fallen victims of Grenouille as he begins and ends his quest for the ultimate scent in Perfume: The story of a murder The roles of minor characters are gravely important to the development of a story. Their character, their actions and what they symbolize lead the protagonist to different points of the beginning or to the conclusion of their journeys. This is clearly shown in Perfume by Patrick Sà ¼skind, as the protagonist Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is led on killing spree in search for a certain element for his ultimate scent; the minor characters aid him as the catalyst and conclusion of his quest. The plum girl of the dark Parisian streets unknowingly awakened Grenouille’s desire for what he perceived to be the ultimate scent. Her role as a minor character was to be the catalyst of Grenouille’s journey, her scent captured him and led him to the discovery that a scent like that was conceivable. She was a fleeting character, barely in the book but her presence and representation brought on the whole premise to Grenouille’s voyage. Sà ¼skind never gives the reader a direct characterization of the plum girl but it is  through her scent that he creates a personality that the reader is supposed to unravel; when he describes her scent we get an indirect form of characterization of her character â€Å"Her sweat smelled as fresh as the sea breeze, the tallow of her hair as sweet as nut oil, her genitals were as fragrant as the bouquet of water lilies, her skin as apricot blossoms†¦ and the harmony of all these components yielded a perfume so rich, so balan ced, so magical†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 41). Linking her scent to her personality we are obliged to believe she was a girl of adoration, because of the description of her scent. The comparisons of her fragrance are all things that one would find beautiful. â€Å"†¦ the scent was not much stronger. It was only purer, and in its augmented purity, it took on an even greater power of attraction. Grenouille walked with no will of his own.† (pg. 40). Everybody admires beauty and it’s through this that Sà ¼skind admits that even Grenouille is unable to resist beauty; fore this beauty was in the scent. Sà ¼skind’s diction further allows the reader to entwine the beauty and associate the plum girl with innocence; despite the little context the readers are given. â€Å"†¦ like a piece of thin, shimmering silk†¦ and yet again not like silk, but like pastry soaked in honey-sweet milk- and try as he would he couldn’t fit those two together: milk and silk!† (pg. 40). The comparison of her scent with milk brings back Jeanne Bussie’s thoughts of the smells of a baby, the link between their milky scent and their innocence. The author’s choice to link the plum girl with those simple forms of innocence shows how she is one of the representations of purity. The plum girl was the catalyst to Grenouille’s quest as it was through her that he gained the incentive to further his knowledge and vision to capture scent. During this time, the enlightenment was at its stronghold, as new scientific experiments took place, and as it took on the form of individuality; where man was fighting for their rights. The people of the enlightenment began to drift apart from the social norms of that time and began to associate themselves as their own being. This was something Grenouille soon realized he lacked as he came to terms that he had no essence to call his own. The thing that in his perspective made everyone who they were, was what was absent from him. As Grenouille is led on his journey to capture his intrinsic scent, as he embarks on his killing spree; Sà ¼skind leads the  reader to believe that Grenouille is seeking a certain element for his perfume. After his first kill every girl that followed next was in one way or another, a form of innocence. From the girl of the rose fields who was â€Å"young, so very young†, to the young Italian girls of the migrants, the Sardinian washer-woman, and th e carpenter’s daughter; they all shared something apart from their youth. â€Å"†¦the college of medicine examine the bodies of the shorn beauties to determine the state of their virginity. It was found that they had all remained untouched† (pg.197). All the girls were virgins. Virgins are a universal symbol for purity and innocence, the point that Grenouille was attracted to their scents further incites the feeling that he in fact was trying to extract what they had and that was their sense of purity. It strongly suggests that Grenouille was seeking the element of innocence for his perfume. Sà ¼skind shows the reader that Grenouille has an exact plan and process; ones that correspond to the enlightenment. As he journeys we discover different aspects to Grenouille’s nature that resemble aspects of the enlightenment. We see this through his methods and his overall perspective throughout the novel; as the enlightenment was entirely about experimentation, the individual rights of man and finding oneself. Sà ¼skind perhaps proposes that through the quest as he seeks the ingredients for his ultimate perfume Grenouille is also creating a recipe for himself. Grenouille’s whole being responds to the views of the enlightenment as he is searches for self-awareness through science and experimentation. Where the plum girl represents the beginning of his quest, it is only through Laure that he concludes the journey. Her role as a minor character was to be a physical representation of Grenouille’s end goal, to conclude his quest. She was the depiction of the ultimate innocence and it was shown all about her, through her appearance, her age and her scent; â€Å"She barely had the rudimentary start of breasts†¦ In a word: the girl was still a child† (pg. 170-171). Sà ¼skind clearly illustrates that Laure was a girl of admiration and beauty; this allows us to make the connections of Grenouille’s craving with one associated with himself. Grenouille’s goal was to be someone that overwhelmed people, someone who could bewitch people; just like he predicted Laure would. She too like the other girls had something that Grenouille wanted, that element of innocence he required for his perfume. As she was the end goal, the others girls were different components to his depiction of  innocence, and Laure was the absolute scent. She was his epiphany, and she completed his composition. â€Å"In a year or two this scent will be ripened and take on a gravity that no one, man or woman, will be able to escape. People will be overwhelmed, disarmed, helpless before the magic of this girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 171). Only through Laure would he be able to achieve what she could achieve by just being, and only through her and collecting her scent did Grenouille finally come to self-realization, it’s only after he had completed his quest did he come to gather the â€Å"worthlessness† to this earth. He had completed what he wanted and only then did he come to terms that there was nothing else in this world that he would want. He had overwhelmed people, disarmed them, and bewitched them. It simply was not enough. Her character was the physical embodiment for his masterpiece that he would call his scent. The minor characters are the basis structures that aid the main character in any journey he or she sets of to accomplish; they symbolize different aspects of the theme that the book tries to convey. All the girls were symbols of innocence in one form or another, different ingredients for the ultimate scent. The roles of these girls were to create the hunt for Grenouille, as the plum girl began his quest and Laure brought it to an end. It was only through the quest and these minor characters did he create his recipe for himself and came to self-realization. It was through the quest that Sà ¼skind allows the reader to believe that Grenouille was the epic depiction of the enlightenment as a whole. [Word Count: 1316] Work Cited Sà ¼skind, Patrick. Perfume: The Story of a Murderer. Trans. John E. Woods. New York: Vintage, 1986. Print. ere different components to his depiction of innocence and the end goal, the others were merely components to the overall

Art Histroy... compare and contrast.. two art works.. essays

Art Histroy... compare and contrast.. two art works.. essays The Nineteenth Century European Paintings and Sculpture Galleries Van Gogh, Flowering Orchard (56.13), Annenberg Van Gogh Gallery Monet, The Four Trees (29.100.110), Annenberg Monet Gallery Visual perception is a function of our eyes and brain. We see images as a whole rather then in parts. However, images can be broken into their visual elements: line, shape, texture, and color. These elements are to images as grammars are to languages. They, together, allow our eyes to see images and our brain to recognize those objects. In this compare and contrast essay between the Works of Vincent Van Gogh and Claude Monet French-born Post-Impressionist painter, Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) and the French, Claude Monet (1840-1926), both painted vibrant and expressive paintings during the twentieth-century. In this case, the chosen paintings are Van Gogh "Flowering Orchard", 1888 and Monet "The Four Trees", 1891. Both of these compositions are painting. Nothing is of more importance than the Flowering orchard. The orchard in Van Goghs painting, dominated by the rich, red-brown tree growing in the foreground, reaching out and upward with delicate searching branches. All of which give the flowering orchard an emerald expanse of grass carpeting the ground expression. In Monets case, the four trees were created solely with the use of layered similar colors close to each other. and a very random synthetist outline technique (a similar technique the post-impressionist painter Gaugin used). Modigliani outlines his figure moreso in black than Villon. Mme. Fulgence's age is understood by the strong dynamic colour quality that has been used to break her face apart. In a way, these colourful divisions act as wrinkles. For instance, the chunk of layered pink on her lip creates a scowl and the heavily applied white on her nose helps it to seem upright; a 'snobbish' upturn. Colours such as the oran ge, have been used to highlight her l...

50 Words with the Most Whimsical Prefix

50 Words with the Most Whimsical Prefix 50 Words with the Most Whimsical Prefix 50 Words with the Most Whimsical Prefix By Mark Nichol The prefix be- has a variety of interesting roles in language: Causation The prefix is affixed to a verb to indicate a causative agent, as in belittle, meaning â€Å"to diminish by criticism or mockery.† Creation Become and begin, and the archaic-sounding beget, are words starting with the prefix that indicate something coming to be; the prefix also appears in words expressing the near opposite, such as behead. Intensification It’s one thing to be dazzled by a luminous object, but a reference to being bedazzled implies a higher order of enchantment. Position Be- indicates relative placement, as in below or between. Its addition to a word transforms nouns and adjectives into verbs, as in besiege and beware (â€Å"be aware†). It also changes intransitive verbs (those that do not take an object) into transitive ones, as with becalm. The simple act of attaching these two letters to an existing word enhances English by providing us with terms that entertain us with their vivid imagery. Here are some more or less obscure be- words and their definitions: becloud: to obscure or muddle bedaub: to excessively ornament or anoint bedazzle: to enchant bedeck: to fancily clothe or decorate bedevil: to annoy bedew: to moisten bedight: to equip or adorn bedim: to obscure, or to reduce light bedizen: to adorn or dress in a tacky manner bedraggle: to drench befit: to be appropriate for befool: to delude or trick begrime: to make dirty begrudge: to give reluctantly beguile: to seduce behoove: to be appropriate bejewel: to adorn with jewelry belabor: to emphasize unnecessarily belaud: to fulsomely praise belay: to stop or hold off from beleaguer: to trouble or bother belie: to falsely imply, to reveal something as false, or to contradict bemire: to expose to or engulf in mud bemock: to ridicule benight: overcome by literal or figurative darkness benumb: to deprive of sensation bepuzzle: to confuse bequeath: to leave an inheritance (the noun form is bequest) bereave: to deprive (one so treated is bereft) beseech: to beg (the past tense is besought) beseem: to be fitting or suitable beset: to attack, harass, or surround besmear: to stain or obscure, or to defame besmirch: see besmear besort: to fit or become (also a noun meaning â€Å"appropriate associate†) besot: to infatuate or muddle besoul: to endow with a soul bespatter: to splash bespeak: to claim, request, address, or identify besprinkle: to scatter or disperse bestir: to rouse bestow: to put to use or in place, or to convey a gift bestrew: see besprinkle betake: to commit, or cause to act bethink: to recall, or to cause to consider betroth: to promise to marry, or to give in marriage bewhisker: to provide with whiskers (or, as bewhiskered, to have whiskers) bewhore: to corrupt sexually, or to characterize as a whore bewig: to place a wig on bewray: to betray Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionCaptain vs. Master

POLITICS how effective is parliament in ensuring executive Essay

POLITICS how effective is parliament in ensuring executive accountability - Essay Example An accountable executive must be in a position to; meet statutory obligations and audit requirements, produce substantive evidence in court proceedings, withstand attention from and scrutiny of the media, meet set standards for accreditation and justify their actions to commissions of inquiry like parliamentary commissions and the Royal Commissions (Budge et al, 2003). Parliament is the highest representative organ of the government that individually and collectively accounts to the people. It therefore must reflect social and public concerns so as to remain legitimate and accountable in the eyes of the public. By the mandate given in the constitution, parliament has a responsibility to ensure transparency and accountability of the executive arm of the government and achieve this role by assuming oversight to all activities of the executive and all its auxiliary bodies. To do this effectively, parliament staff must be strengthened in their oversight role so as to deliver their mandat e as non partisan officials of the state. Parliament therefore uses a number of mechanisms to check on the transactions of the executive. In doing so, institutional accountability of parliament must also be maintained collectively. Since fosters of accountability must first show that they are accountable as well. This is achievable by the members of parliament developing a code of behaviour that will guide them as they pursue this mandate (Garnett et al, 2012). This essay is discusses the mechanisms put in place by parliament to hold the executive to account. It discusses these in detail, their pros and cons, and then concludes with an analysis of how effective they are in ensuring executive accountability. First among these mechanisms is the use of parliamentary select committees, then there is ministerial question time and finally there is prime minister question time. The following section discusses these measures into detail. Select Committees Parliamentary select committees are committees that can be appointed by the House of Commons or the House of Lords or Joint Committees drawn from both houses. Examples of these committees are the Foreign Affairs Select Committee, the Delegated Powers and Regulatory Reform Committee and the Joint Committee on Human Rights Respectively. Committees may be sessional, which means they are permanent or near permanent, or they may also be ad-hoc, meaning they are appointed just to complete a certain task and then disbanded (Garnett et al, 2012). Committees in parliament are formed to ensure transparency, efficiency and accountability of executive and as stated earlier of parliament itself. The work of committees is primarily to pore over the transactions of the executive and ensure executive transparency to the public. Constitutional Committee This committee of the House of Lords spans across all parties and has the mandate has the mandate of resisting constitutional change that will harm the interest of the people. It inve stigates a proposed amendment by engaging experts including members of the executive and the public before any amendments are made. Economic Affairs Committee The economic affairs committee is a committee of the House of Lords charged with the responsibility of scrutinizing the financial